|
Mean number of days U.S. adults felt sad, blue or depressed (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System)* |
|||||||||
| Males |
Females |
Males & Females |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||||
| N |
Mean |
95% CI |
N |
Mean |
95% CI |
N |
Mean |
95% CI |
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Demographic, behavioral risk group variable |
|||||||||
|
|
|||||||||
| 5 year age group |
|||||||||
| 18–19 yrs. |
1,704 |
2.8 |
2.4–3.2 |
1,914 |
4.5 |
4.0–5.0 |
3,618 |
3.6 |
3.2–3.9 |
| 20–24 yrs. |
4,899 |
2.8 |
2.5–3.0 |
6,697 |
4.0 |
3.7–4.2 |
11,596 |
3.4 |
3.2–3.6 |
| 25–29 yrs |
6,439 |
2.4 |
2.2–2.6 |
8,881 |
3.4 |
3.2–3.6 |
15,320 |
2.9 |
2.7–3.1 |
| 30–34 yrs. |
7,163 |
2.2 |
2.0–2.4 |
10,016 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.8 |
17,179 |
2.9 |
2.7–3.0 |
| 35–39 yrs. |
7,763 |
2.5 |
2.3–2.6 |
11,061 |
3.9 |
3.7–4.1 |
18,824 |
3.2 |
3.0–3.3 |
| 40–44 yrs. |
7,589 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.8 |
10,430 |
3.7 |
3.5–3.9 |
18,019 |
3.2 |
3.0–3.3 |
| 45–49 yrs. |
6,729 |
2.7 |
2.5–2.9 |
9,297 |
3.8 |
3.5–4.0 |
16,026 |
3.2 |
3.0–3.4 |
| 50–54 yrs. |
5,722 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.9 |
7,986 |
3.8 |
3.5–4.1 |
13,708 |
3.2 |
3.0–3.4 |
| 55–59 yrs. |
4,525 |
2.2 |
1.9–2.4 |
6,424 |
3.6 |
3.3–3.9 |
10,949 |
3.0 |
2.7–3.2 |
| 60–64 yrs. |
3,806 |
2.2 |
1.9–2.6 |
5,489 |
3.2 |
2.9–3.4 |
9,295 |
2.7 |
2.5–2.9 |
| 65–69 yrs. |
3,733 |
1.8 |
1.6–2.1 |
5,905 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.9 |
9,638 |
2.3 |
2.1–2.5 |
| 70–74 yrs. |
3,232 |
1.9 |
1.6–2.2 |
5,629 |
2.8 |
2.5–3.1 |
8,861 |
2.4 |
2.2–2.6 |
| 75–79 yrs. |
2,287 |
2.2 |
1.8–2.5 |
4,627 |
2.8 |
2.5–3.1 |
6,914 |
2.5 |
2.3–2.8 |
| 80–84 yrs. |
1,270 |
2.3 |
1.8–2.8 |
2,949 |
2.6 |
2.3–3.0 |
4,219 |
2.5 |
2.2–2.8 |
| 85+ yrs. |
616 |
2.4 |
1.7–3.1 |
1,782 |
3.1 |
2.6–3.7 |
2,398 |
2.9 |
2.4–3.4 |
| All categories |
67,477 |
2.4 |
2.2–2.5 |
99,087 |
3.5 |
3.4–3.6 |
166,564 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Race/ethnicity |
|||||||||
| Asian/Pacific |
|||||||||
| Islander |
1,098 |
1.6 |
1.2–2.0 |
1,216 |
2.5 |
2.0–2.9 |
2,314 |
2.0 |
1.7–2.3 |
| White |
54,502 |
2.3 |
2.2–2.4 |
77,761 |
3.3 |
3.3–3.4 |
132,263 |
2.8 |
2.7–2.9 |
| Hispanic |
4,395 |
2.9 |
2.5–3.2 |
6,455 |
4.3 |
3.9–4.6 |
10,850 |
3.6 |
3.3–3.8 |
| Black |
5,852 |
2.9 |
2.7–3.2 |
11,463 |
4.5 |
4.2–4.7 |
17,315 |
3.8 |
3.6–4.0 |
| Native American |
|||||||||
| Indian/Alaska |
|||||||||
| Native |
679 |
3.0 |
2.3–3.7 |
956 |
5.0 |
4.1–5.9 |
1,635 |
4.0 |
3.4–4.6 |
| Other |
431 |
3.0 |
2.0–4.0 |
538 |
5.2 |
4.0–6.4 |
969 |
4.2 |
3.2–5.1 |
| All categories |
66,526 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
97,851 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.7 |
165,346 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Education |
|||||||||
| < High school |
7,772 |
3.7 |
3.4–4.0 |
12,468 |
5.6 |
5.3–5.9 |
20,240 |
4.7 |
4.5–4.9 |
| HS graduate |
20,727 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.7 |
32,902 |
3.8 |
3.7–3.9 |
53,629 |
3.2 |
3.1–3.3 |
| Some college |
17,770 |
2.4 |
2.2–2.5 |
27,700 |
3.4 |
3.3–3.5 |
45,470 |
2.9 |
2.8–3.0 |
| College graduate |
21,068 |
1.7 |
1.6–1.8 |
25,826 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
46,894 |
2.0 |
1.9–2.1 |
| All categories |
67,337 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
98,896 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.7 |
166,233 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Employment |
|||||||||
| Employed (wages) |
41,465 |
1.9 |
1.8–2.0 |
51,567 |
2.9 |
2.8–3.1 |
93,032 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
| Self-employed |
7,497 |
2.3 |
2.0–2.5 |
5,354 |
3.0 |
2.7–3.3 |
12,851 |
2.5 |
2.3–2.7 |
| Retired |
12,054 |
3.6 |
2.4–4.9 |
19,880 |
2.4 |
1.5–3.2 |
31,934 |
3.0 |
2.0–4.0 |
| Student |
1,997 |
2.0 |
1.6–2.4 |
3,019 |
3.8 |
3.1–4.5 |
5,016 |
3.3 |
2.7–3.9 |
| Homemaker |
168 |
2.7 |
1.6–3.9 |
11,549 |
3.5 |
3.3–3.8 |
11,717 |
3.5 |
3.3–3.7 |
| Unemp. < 1 yr. |
1,238 |
4.5 |
3.9–5.1 |
2,094 |
6.4 |
5.5–7.3 |
3,332 |
5.7 |
4.9–6.5 |
| Unemp. ≥1 yr. |
766 |
5.3 |
4.4–6.2 |
1,657 |
6.3 |
5.6–7.0 |
2,423 |
6.1 |
5.5–6.7 |
| Unable to work |
2,225 |
9.6 |
8.5–10.6 |
3,878 |
10.7 |
10.0–11.5 |
6,103 |
10.2 |
9.5–10.8 |
| All categories |
67,410 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
98,998 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.7 |
166,408 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Income |
|||||||||
| <$15,000 |
5,194 |
5.4 |
5.0–5.8 |
13,012 |
6.5 |
6.2–6.8 |
18,206 |
6.1 |
5.8–6.3 |
| $15,000–$24,999 |
10,765 |
3.3 |
3.1–3.4 |
18,662 |
4.5 |
4.3–4.7 |
29,427 |
3.9 |
3.8–4.0 |
| $25,000–$49,999 |
23,046 |
2.2 |
2.1–2.4 |
29,419 |
3.2 |
3.0–3.3 |
52,465 |
2.7 |
2.6–2.8 |
| ≥$50,000 |
20,046 |
1.7 |
1.6–1.8 |
21,382 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.6 |
41,428 |
2.0 |
1.9–2.1 |
| All categories |
59,051 |
2.5 |
2.4–2.6 |
82,475 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.7 |
141,526 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Marital status |
|||||||||
| Currently married |
38,756 |
2.1 |
1.8–2.3 |
49,671 |
3.0 |
2.8–3.1 |
88,427 |
2.5 |
2.4–2.6 |
| Never married |
14,429 |
3.0 |
2.8–3.2 |
15,847 |
3.6 |
3.3–3.8 |
30,276 |
3.3 |
3.1–3.4 |
| Divorced |
8,060 |
3.6 |
3.1–4.2 |
13,600 |
5.0 |
4.7–5.2 |
21,660 |
4.4 |
4.1–4.8 |
| Unmarried couple |
1,536 |
3.8 |
2.6–5.0 |
2,008 |
4.7 |
3.7–5.6 |
3,544 |
4.5 |
3.6–5.5 |
| Widowed |
2,980 |
4.2 |
3.4–5.0 |
14,562 |
6.6 |
5.5–7.7 |
17,542 |
6.0 |
5.1–6.9 |
| Separated |
1,609 |
5.4 |
4.6–6.1 |
3,164 |
6.3 |
5.7–6.9 |
4,773 |
6.0 |
5.5–6.5 |
| All categories |
67,370 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
98,852 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.6 |
166,222 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Participate in any physical activity |
|||||||||
| Yes |
36,039 |
2.1 |
2.0–2.2 |
49,472 |
3.1 |
3.0–3.2 |
85,511 |
2.6 |
2.5–2.7 |
| No |
13,388 |
3.1 |
3.0–3.3 |
22,607 |
4.6 |
4.4–4.8 |
35,995 |
3.9 |
3.8–4.1 |
| All categories |
49,427 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
72,079 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.7 |
121,506 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Body mass index |
|||||||||
| Underweight |
608 |
4.6 |
3.6–5.6 |
3,192 |
4.5 |
4.0–5.0 |
3,800 |
4.5 |
4.1–5.0 |
| Normal |
23,561 |
2.5 |
2.4–2.6 |
47,187 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
70,748 |
2.8 |
2.7–2.9 |
| Overweight |
30,305 |
2.1 |
2.0–2.2 |
25,987 |
3.8 |
3.6–3.9 |
56,292 |
2.7 |
2.6–2.8 |
| Obese |
12,295 |
2.8 |
2.6–2.9 |
17,031 |
5.0 |
4.7–5.2 |
29,326 |
3.8 |
3.7–4.0 |
| All categories |
66,769 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
93,397 |
3.6 |
3.5–3.7 |
160,166 |
3.0 |
3.0–3.1 |
| Ever drank ≥ 5 drinks in past 30 days at once |
|||||||||
| Yes |
6,403 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.9 |
2,968 |
5.0 |
4.4–5.5 |
9,371 |
3.3 |
2.9–3.6 |
| No |
18,206 |
2.2 |
2.0–2.3 |
29,554 |
3.3 |
3.2–3.4 |
47,760 |
2.8 |
2.7–2.9 |
| All categories |
24,609 |
2.3 |
2.2–2.4 |
32,522 |
3.4 |
3.3–3.5 |
57,131 |
2.8 |
2.7.2.9 |
| Smoking status |
|||||||||
| Never smoked |
31,088 |
1.9 |
1.8–2.0 |
57,611 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
88,699 |
2.6 |
2.4–2.7 |
| Former smoker |
18,973 |
2.2 |
2.1–2.4 |
19,639 |
3.5 |
3.4–3.7 |
38,612 |
2.9 |
2.8–3.0 |
| Smokes <1 pack/day |
7,112 |
3.1 |
2.8–3.3 |
11,357 |
5.0 |
4.7–5.2 |
18,469 |
4.1 |
3.9–4.3 |
| Smokes ≥1 pack/day |
8,751 |
4.2 |
3.8–4.6 |
8,688 |
6.1 |
5.7–6.4 |
17,439 |
5.0 |
4.7–5.2 |
| All categories |
65,924 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
97,295 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.7 |
163,219 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Seatbelt use |
|||||||||
| Always |
7,960 |
2.2 |
2.0–2.4 |
13,769 |
3.1 |
2.9–3.2 |
21,729 |
2.7 |
2.6–2.8 |
| Nearly always |
2,142 |
2.0 |
1.7–2.3 |
2,469 |
3.5 |
3.1–3.9 |
4,611 |
2.7 |
2.4–2.9 |
| Sometimes |
1,287 |
2.8 |
2.4–3.3 |
1,291 |
4.4 |
3.8–4.9 |
2,578 |
3.5 |
3.1–3.8 |
| Seldom |
698 |
3.1 |
2.4–3.8 |
578 |
5.5 |
4.5–6.4 |
1,276 |
3.9 |
3.4–4.5 |
| Never |
901 |
4.0 |
3.3–4.7 |
639 |
6.1 |
5.0–7.1 |
1,540 |
4.7 |
4.1–5.3 |
| All categories |
12,988 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
18,746 |
3.4 |
3.2–3.5 |
31,734 |
2.9 |
2.8–3.0 |
| Time when could not afford to get medical care in past year |
|||||||||
| Yes |
5,629 |
5.4 |
5.0–5.7 |
11,867 |
6.8 |
6.5–7.1 |
17,496 |
6.2 |
6.0–6.5 |
| No |
61,740 |
2.1 |
2.0–2.2 |
87,069 |
3.1 |
3.0–3.2 |
148,809 |
2.6 |
2.5–2.7 |
| All categories |
67,369 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
98,936 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.7 |
166,305 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Have any kind of health plan? |
|||||||||
| Yes |
58,645 |
2.2 |
2.1–2.3 |
87,693 |
3.3 |
3.2–3.4 |
146,338 |
2.8 |
2.7–2.9 |
| No |
8,657 |
3.7 |
3.4–4.1 |
11,236 |
5.1 |
4.7–5.4 |
19,893 |
4.4 |
4.1–4.6 |
| All categories |
67,302 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.6 |
98,929 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.7 |
166,231 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
| Self-rated health |
|||||||||
| Excellent |
16,485 |
1.4 |
1.3–1.5 |
22,518 |
1.9 |
1.8–2.0 |
39,003 |
1.6 |
1.5–1.7 |
| Very good |
22,980 |
1.7 |
1.6–1.8 |
33,099 |
2.7 |
2.6–2.8 |
56,079 |
2.2 |
2.1–2.3 |
| Good |
18,980 |
2.5 |
2.3–2.6 |
28,081 |
3.9 |
3.7–4.0 |
47,061 |
3.2 |
3.1–3.3 |
| Fair |
6,441 |
4.8 |
4.5–5.1 |
11,041 |
7.2 |
6.8–7.5 |
17,482 |
6.0 |
5.8–6.3 |
| Poor |
2,464 |
11.3 |
10.2–12.4 |
4,154 |
11.2 |
10.3–12.1 |
6,618 |
11.2 |
10.5–12.0 |
| All categories |
67,350 |
2.4 |
2.3–2.5 |
98,893 |
3.6 |
3.4–3.7 |
166,243 |
3.0 |
2.9–3.1 |
|
Note. *Selected U.S. states, 1995–2000; all variables except age-groups are age-adjusted. | |||||||||
Kobau et al. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2004 2:40 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-2-40 |
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